Do not assume interface numbers follow the slice indices. (#134)

Do not assume interface numbers follow the slice indices.

This is a continuation of
9ad54830f4
which tried to solve the problem of non-contiguous interface indices;
this commit modifies another code path that had the same assumption.

.appveyor/install.sh

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-export PATH="/mingw64/bin:${PATH}"
-export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="/mingw64/lib/pkgconfig:${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
-export GOROOT=/mingw64/lib/go
-export GOPATH=/go
-export CGO_ENABLED=1
-
-pacman --noconfirm -S \
-    mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-go \
-    mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libusb
-
-go version
-go get -t github.com/google/gousb/...
-go test github.com/google/gousb/...

.github/test-coverage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+echo 'mode: count' > coverage.merged &&\
+        go list -f '{{.Dir}}' ./... | xargs -I'{}' sh -c ': > coverage.tmp; go test -v -covermode=count -coverprofile=coverage.tmp {} && tail -n +2 coverage.tmp >> coverage.merged' &&\
+        rm coverage.tmp

.github/workflows/build-and-test.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+name: build-and-test
+on: [pull_request, push, workflow_dispatch]
+jobs:
+  linux:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.23
+      - run: DIFF="$( find . -name '*.go' -print0 | xargs -0 gofmt -l )"; if [ -n "$DIFF" ]; then echo "Files not formatted, run gofmt:"; echo "$DIFF"; exit 1; fi
+      - run: sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev
+      - run: go install golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover@latest
+      - run: go install golang.org/x/lint/golint@latest
+      - run: $HOME/go/bin/golint -set_exit_status ./...
+      - run: sh ./.github/test-coverage.sh
+      - uses: shogo82148/actions-goveralls@v1
+        with:
+          path-to-profile: coverage.merged
+          ignore: libusb.go,error.go
+  windows:
+    runs-on: windows-2022
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: 1.22
+      - uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          install: |-
+            mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libusb
+            mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-pkg-config
+      - run: echo "D:\a\_temp\msys64\mingw64\bin" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_PATH -Encoding utf8 -Append
+      - run: go test ./...
+      - run: go run ./lsusb

.travis.yml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-language: go
-dist: trusty
-
-go:
-  - 1.7.x
-  - 1.8.x
-  - 1.9.x
-  - 1.10.x
-  - tip
-
-addons:
-  apt:
-    packages:
-      libusb-1.0-0-dev
-
-install:
-  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
-  # Golint requires Go 1.9 or later.
-  - if ! [[ "$TRAVIS_GO_VERSION" =~ ^1\.7\.([0-9]+|x)$ || "$TRAVIS_GO_VERSION" =~ ^1\.8\.([0-9]+|x)$ ]]; then go get golang.org/x/lint/golint; fi
-  - go get github.com/mattn/goveralls
-
-script:
-  # a workaround for go test not supporting coverage for multiple packages in a single invocation.
-  # If goveralls upload fails, ignore the result.
-  # Golint requires Go 1.9 or later.
-  - if ! [[ "$TRAVIS_GO_VERSION" =~ ^1\.7\.([0-9]+|x)+$ || "$TRAVIS_GO_VERSION" =~ ^1\.8\.([0-9]+|x)$ ]]; then $HOME/gopath/bin/golint ./...; fi
-  - |-
-    echo 'mode: count' > coverage.merged && go list ./... | xargs -n1 -I{} sh -c ': > coverage.tmp; go test -v -covermode=count -coverprofile=coverage.tmp {} && tail -n +2 coverage.tmp >> coverage.merged' && rm coverage.tmp
-  - |-
-    $HOME/gopath/bin/goveralls -coverprofile=coverage.merged -service=travis-ci -ignore libusb.go,error.go || true

README.md

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ Introduction
 [![Build Status][ciimg]][ci]
 [![GoDoc][docimg]][doc]
 [![Coverage Status][coverimg]][cover]
-[![Build status][appveimg]][appveyor]
 
 
 The gousb package is an attempt at wrapping the libusb library into a Go-like binding.
@@ -21,12 +20,10 @@ As of 2017-07-13 the 2.0 API is considered stable and 1.0 is deprecated.
 
 [coverimg]: https://coveralls.io/repos/github/google/gousb/badge.svg
 [cover]:    https://coveralls.io/github/google/gousb
-[ciimg]:    https://travis-ci.org/google/gousb.svg
+[ciimg]:    https://github.com/google/gousb/actions/workflows/build-and-test.yaml/badge.svg
-[ci]:       https://travis-ci.org/google/gousb
+[ci]:       https://github.com/google/gousb/actions/workflows/build-and-test.yaml
 [docimg]:   https://godoc.org/github.com/google/gousb?status.svg
 [doc]:      https://godoc.org/github.com/google/gousb
-[appveimg]: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/661qp7x33o3wqe4o?svg=true
-[appveyor]: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/zagrodzki/gousb
 
 Documentation
 =============

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-platform: x64
-
-clone_folder: C:\msys64\go\src\github.com\google\gousb
-
-install:
-  - C:\msys64\usr\bin\bash.exe -lc "cd /go/src/github.com/google/gousb/ && .appveyor/./install.sh"
-
-build: off

config.go

@@ -49,25 +49,17 @@ func (c ConfigDesc) String() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("Configuration %d", c.Number)
 }
 
-func (c ConfigDesc) intfDesc(num, alt int) (*InterfaceSetting, error) {
+func (c ConfigDesc) intfDesc(num int) (*InterfaceDesc, error) {
 	// In an ideal world, interfaces in the descriptor would be numbered
 	// contiguously starting from 0, as required by the specification. In the
 	// real world however the specification is sometimes ignored:
 	// https://github.com/google/gousb/issues/65
 	ifs := make([]int, len(c.Interfaces))
-	for i := range c.Interfaces {
+	for i, desc := range c.Interfaces {
-		ifs[i] = c.Interfaces[i].Number
+		if desc.Number == num {
-		if ifs[i] != num {
+			return &desc, nil
-			continue
 		}
-		alts := make([]int, len(c.Interfaces[i].AltSettings))
+		ifs[i] = desc.Number
-		for a := range c.Interfaces[i].AltSettings {
-			alts[a] = c.Interfaces[i].AltSettings[a].Alternate
-			if alts[a] == alt {
-				return &c.Interfaces[i].AltSettings[a], nil
-			}
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("alternate setting %d not found for %s, available alt settings: %v", alt, c.Interfaces[i], alts)
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("interface %d not found, available interface numbers: %v", num, ifs)
 }
@@ -120,9 +112,13 @@ func (c *Config) Interface(num, alt int) (*Interface, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Interface(%d, %d) called on %s after Close", num, alt, c)
 	}
 
-	altInfo, err := c.Desc.intfDesc(num, alt)
+	intf, err := c.Desc.intfDesc(num)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("descriptor of interface (%d, %d) in %s: %v", num, alt, c, err)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("descriptor of interface %d in %s: %v", num, c, err)
+	}
+	altInfo, err := intf.altSetting(alt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("descriptor of alternate setting %d of interface %d in %s: %v", alt, num, c, err)
 	}
 
 	c.mu.Lock()
@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@ func (c *Config) Interface(num, alt int) (*Interface, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Select an alternate setting if needed (device has multiple alternate settings).
-	if len(c.Desc.Interfaces[num].AltSettings) > 1 {
+	if len(intf.AltSettings) > 1 {
 		if err := c.dev.ctx.libusb.setAlt(c.dev.handle, uint8(num), uint8(alt)); err != nil {
 			c.dev.ctx.libusb.release(c.dev.handle, uint8(num))
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to set alternate config %d on interface %d of %s: %v", alt, num, c, err)

device.go

@@ -24,11 +24,22 @@ import (
 
 // DeviceDesc is a representation of a USB device descriptor.
 type DeviceDesc struct {
-	// Bus information
+	// The bus on which the device was detected
-	Bus     int   // The bus on which the device was detected
+	Bus int
-	Address int   // The address of the device on the bus
+	// The address of the device on the bus
-	Speed   Speed // The negotiated operating speed for the device
+	Address int
-	Port    int   // The usb port on which the device was detected
+	// The negotiated operating speed for the device
+	Speed Speed
+	// The pyhsical port on the parent hub on which the device is connected.
+	// Ports are numbered from 1, excepting root hub devices which are always 0.
+	Port int
+	// Physical path of connected parent ports, starting at the root hub device.
+	// A path length of 0 represents a root hub device,
+	// a path length of 1 represents a device directly connected to a root hub,
+	// a path length of 2 or more are connected to intermediate hub devices.
+	// e.g. [1,2,3] represents a device connected to port 3 of a hub connected
+	// to port 2 of a hub connected to port 1 of a root hub.
+	Path []int
 
 	// Version information
 	Spec   BCD // USB Specification Release Number
@@ -209,7 +220,7 @@ func (d *Device) Close() error {
 	if d.claimed != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("can't release the device %s, it has an open config %d", d, d.claimed.Desc.Number)
 	}
-	d.ctx.libusb.close(d.handle)
+	d.ctx.closeDev(d)
 	d.handle = nil
 	return nil
 }
@@ -265,9 +276,13 @@ func (d *Device) InterfaceDescription(cfgNum, intfNum, altNum int) (string, erro
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s: %v", d, err)
 	}
-	alt, err := cfg.intfDesc(intfNum, altNum)
+	intf, err := cfg.intfDesc(intfNum)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s, configuration %d: %v", d, cfgNum, err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s, configuration %d interface %d: %v", d, cfgNum, intfNum, err)
+	}
+	alt, err := intf.altSetting(altNum)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("%s, configuration %d interface %d alternate setting %d: %v", d, cfgNum, intfNum, altNum, err)
 	}
 	return d.GetStringDescriptor(alt.iInterface)
 }

device_test.go

@@ -117,18 +117,18 @@ func TestClaimAndRelease(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("%s.InEndpoint(%d): got %+v, want %+v", intf, ep1Addr, got, want)
 	}
 
-	if _, err := cfg.Interface(1, 0); err == nil {
+	if _, err := cfg.Interface(if1Num, 0); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s.Interface(1, 0): got nil, want non nil, because Interface 1 is already claimed.", cfg)
 	}
 
 	// intf2 is interface #0, not claimed yet.
-	intf2, err := cfg.Interface(0, 0)
+	intf2, err := cfg.Interface(if2Num, alt2Num)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s.Interface(0, 0): got %v, want nil", cfg, err)
 	}
 
 	if err := cfg.Close(); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Interface was not released.", cfg)
+		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Interfaces #1/2 was not released.", cfg)
 	}
 	if err := dev.Close(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Config was not released.", cfg)
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func TestClaimAndRelease(t *testing.T) {
 
 	intf.Close()
 	if err := cfg.Close(); err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Interface was not released.", cfg)
+		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Interface #2 was not released.", cfg)
 	}
 	if err := dev.Close(); err == nil {
 		t.Fatalf("%s.Close(): got nil, want non nil, because the Config was not released.", dev)
@@ -244,3 +244,61 @@ func TestAutoDetachFailure(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("%s.Config(1) got nil, but want no nil because interface fails to detach", dev)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestInterface(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	c := newContextWithImpl(newFakeLibusb())
+	defer func() {
+		if err := c.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Context.Close: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name                  string
+		vid, pid              ID
+		cfgNum, ifNum, altNum int
+	}{{
+		name:   "simple",
+		vid:    0x8888,
+		pid:    0x0002,
+		cfgNum: 1,
+		ifNum:  0,
+		altNum: 0,
+	}, {
+		name:   "alt_setting",
+		vid:    0x8888,
+		pid:    0x0002,
+		cfgNum: 1,
+		ifNum:  1,
+		altNum: 1,
+	}, {
+		name:   "noncontiguous_interfaces",
+		vid:    0x8888,
+		pid:    0x0002,
+		cfgNum: 1,
+		ifNum:  3,
+		altNum: 2,
+	}} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			dev, err := c.OpenDeviceWithVIDPID(0x8888, 0x0002)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("OpenDeviceWithVIDPID(0x8888, 0x0002): %v", err)
+			}
+			if dev == nil {
+				t.Fatal("OpenDeviceWithVIDPID(0x8888, 0x0002): got nil device, need non-nil")
+			}
+			defer dev.Close()
+			cfg, err := dev.Config(tc.cfgNum)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("%s.Config(%d): %v", dev, tc.cfgNum, err)
+			}
+			defer cfg.Close()
+			intf, err := cfg.Interface(tc.ifNum, tc.altNum)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("%s.Interface(%d, %d): %v", cfg, tc.ifNum, tc.altNum, err)
+			}
+			intf.Close()
+		})
+	}
+}

fakelibusb_devices.go

@@ -16,9 +16,10 @@ package gousb
 
 // fake devices connected through the fakeLibusb stack.
 type fakeDevice struct {
-	devDesc *DeviceDesc
+	devDesc   *DeviceDesc
-	strDesc map[int]string
+	strDesc   map[int]string
-	alt     uint8
+	alt       uint8
+	sysDevPtr uintptr
 }
 
 var fakeDevices = []fakeDevice{
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ var fakeDevices = []fakeDevice{
 				}},
 			}},
 		},
+		sysDevPtr: 78,
 	},
 	// Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8888:0002
 	// One config, two interfaces. interface #0 with no endpoints,
@@ -186,6 +188,7 @@ var fakeDevices = []fakeDevice{
 			8: "Slower streaming",
 			9: "Interface for https://github.com/google/gousb/issues/65",
 		},
+		sysDevPtr: 94,
 	},
 	// Bus 001 Device 003: ID 9999:0002
 	// One config, one interface, one setup,

fakelibusb_test.go

@@ -85,8 +85,10 @@ func (t *fakeTransfer) setStatus(st TransferStatus) {
 // that allows the test to explicitly control individual transfer behavior.
 type fakeLibusb struct {
 	mu sync.Mutex
-	// fakeDevices has a map of devices and their descriptors.
+	// devices has a map of devices and their descriptors.
-	fakeDevices map[*libusbDevice]*fakeDevice
+	devices map[*libusbDevice]*fakeDevice
+	// sysDevices keeps the order of devices to be accessd by wrapSysDevice
+	sysDevices map[uintptr]*libusbDevice
 	// ts has a map of all allocated transfers, indexed by the pointer of
 	// underlying libusbTransfer.
 	ts map[*libusbTransfer]*fakeTransfer
@@ -98,16 +100,32 @@ type fakeLibusb struct {
 	claims map[*libusbDevice]map[uint8]bool
 }
 
-func (f *fakeLibusb) init() (*libusbContext, error)                       { return new(libusbContext), nil }
+func (f *fakeLibusb) init() (*libusbContext, error)                       { return newContextPointer(), nil }
 func (f *fakeLibusb) handleEvents(c *libusbContext, done <-chan struct{}) { <-done }
 func (f *fakeLibusb) getDevices(*libusbContext) ([]*libusbDevice, error) {
 	ret := make([]*libusbDevice, 0, len(fakeDevices))
-	for d := range f.fakeDevices {
+	for d := range f.devices {
 		ret = append(ret, d)
 	}
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+func (f *fakeLibusb) wrapSysDevice(ctx *libusbContext, systemDeviceHandle uintptr) (*libusbDevHandle, error) {
+	dev, ok := f.sysDevices[systemDeviceHandle]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("the passed file descriptor %d does not point to a valid device", systemDeviceHandle)
+	}
+	h := newDevHandlePointer()
+	f.mu.Lock()
+	defer f.mu.Unlock()
+	f.handles[h] = dev
+	return h, nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeLibusb) getDevice(handle *libusbDevHandle) *libusbDevice {
+	return f.handles[handle]
+}
+
 func (f *fakeLibusb) exit(*libusbContext) error {
 	close(f.submitted)
 	if got := len(f.ts); got > 0 {
@@ -122,13 +140,13 @@ func (f *fakeLibusb) exit(*libusbContext) error {
 func (f *fakeLibusb) setDebug(*libusbContext, int) {}
 func (f *fakeLibusb) dereference(d *libusbDevice)  {}
 func (f *fakeLibusb) getDeviceDesc(d *libusbDevice) (*DeviceDesc, error) {
-	if dev, ok := f.fakeDevices[d]; ok {
+	if dev, ok := f.devices[d]; ok {
 		return dev.devDesc, nil
 	}
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid USB device %p", d)
 }
 func (f *fakeLibusb) open(d *libusbDevice) (*libusbDevHandle, error) {
-	h := new(libusbDevHandle)
+	h := newDevHandlePointer()
 	f.mu.Lock()
 	defer f.mu.Unlock()
 	f.handles[h] = d
@@ -158,7 +176,7 @@ func (f *fakeLibusb) setConfig(d *libusbDevHandle, cfg uint8) error {
 	return nil
 }
 func (f *fakeLibusb) getStringDesc(d *libusbDevHandle, index int) (string, error) {
-	dev, ok := f.fakeDevices[f.handles[d]]
+	dev, ok := f.devices[f.handles[d]]
 	if !ok {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid USB device %p", d)
 	}
@@ -201,7 +219,7 @@ func (f *fakeLibusb) setAlt(d *libusbDevHandle, intf, alt uint8) error {
 	if !f.claims[f.handles[d]][intf] {
 		return fmt.Errorf("interface %d must be claimed before alt setup can be set", intf)
 	}
-	f.fakeDevices[f.handles[d]].alt = alt
+	f.devices[f.handles[d]].alt = alt
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -288,11 +306,12 @@ func (f *fakeLibusb) empty() bool {
 
 func newFakeLibusb() *fakeLibusb {
 	fl := &fakeLibusb{
-		fakeDevices: make(map[*libusbDevice]*fakeDevice),
+		devices:    make(map[*libusbDevice]*fakeDevice),
-		ts:          make(map[*libusbTransfer]*fakeTransfer),
+		sysDevices: make(map[uintptr]*libusbDevice),
-		submitted:   make(chan *fakeTransfer, 10),
+		ts:         make(map[*libusbTransfer]*fakeTransfer),
-		handles:     make(map[*libusbDevHandle]*libusbDevice),
+		submitted:  make(chan *fakeTransfer, 10),
-		claims:      make(map[*libusbDevice]map[uint8]bool),
+		handles:    make(map[*libusbDevHandle]*libusbDevice),
+		claims:     make(map[*libusbDevice]map[uint8]bool),
 	}
 	for _, d := range fakeDevices {
 		// libusb does not export a way to allocate a new libusb_device struct
@@ -301,7 +320,11 @@ func newFakeLibusb() *fakeLibusb {
 		// The contents of these pointers is never accessed.
 		fd := new(fakeDevice)
 		*fd = d
-		fl.fakeDevices[newDevicePointer()] = fd
+		devPointer := newDevicePointer()
+		fl.devices[devPointer] = fd
+		if fd.sysDevPtr != 0 { // the sysDevPtr not being set in the fakeDevices list
+			fl.sysDevices[fd.sysDevPtr] = devPointer
+		}
 	}
 	return fl
 }

go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+module github.com/google/gousb
+
+go 1.16
+
+// Released in error, v1.* remains the current version.
+retract v2.1.0+incompatible

interface.go

@@ -29,6 +29,17 @@ type InterfaceDesc struct {
 	AltSettings []InterfaceSetting
 }
 
+func (i *InterfaceDesc) altSetting(alt int) (*InterfaceSetting, error) {
+	alts := make([]int, len(i.AltSettings))
+	for a, s := range i.AltSettings {
+		if s.Alternate == alt {
+			return &s, nil
+		}
+		alts[a] = s.Alternate
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("alternate setting %d not found for %s, available alt settings: %v", alt, i, alts)
+}
+
 // String returns a human-readable description of the interface descriptor and
 // its alternate settings.
 func (i InterfaceDesc) String() string {

libusb.go

@@ -143,6 +143,7 @@ type libusbIntf interface {
 	dereference(*libusbDevice)
 	getDeviceDesc(*libusbDevice) (*DeviceDesc, error)
 	open(*libusbDevice) (*libusbDevHandle, error)
+	wrapSysDevice(*libusbContext, uintptr) (*libusbDevHandle, error)
 
 	close(*libusbDevHandle)
 	reset(*libusbDevHandle) error
@@ -152,6 +153,7 @@ type libusbIntf interface {
 	getStringDesc(*libusbDevHandle, int) (string, error)
 	setAutoDetach(*libusbDevHandle, int) error
 	detachKernelDriver(*libusbDevHandle, uint8) error
+	getDevice(*libusbDevHandle) *libusbDevice
 
 	// interface
 	claim(*libusbDevHandle, uint8) error
@@ -169,13 +171,24 @@ type libusbIntf interface {
 }
 
 // libusbImpl is an implementation of libusbIntf using real CGo-wrapped libusb.
-type libusbImpl struct{}
+type libusbImpl struct {
+	discovery DeviceDiscovery
+}
 
-func (libusbImpl) init() (*libusbContext, error) {
+func (impl libusbImpl) init() (*libusbContext, error) {
 	var ctx *C.libusb_context
-	if err := fromErrNo(C.libusb_init(&ctx)); err != nil {
+
+	var libusbOpts [4]C.struct_libusb_init_option // fixed to 4 - there are maximum 4 options
+	nOpts := 0
+	if impl.discovery == DisableDeviceDiscovery {
+		libusbOpts[nOpts].option = C.LIBUSB_OPTION_NO_DEVICE_DISCOVERY
+		nOpts++
+	}
+
+	if err := fromErrNo(C.libusb_init_context(&ctx, &(libusbOpts[0]), C.int(nOpts))); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	return (*libusbContext)(ctx), nil
 }
 
@@ -188,7 +201,10 @@ func (libusbImpl) handleEvents(c *libusbContext, done <-chan struct{}) {
 		default:
 		}
 		if errno := C.libusb_handle_events_timeout_completed((*C.libusb_context)(c), &tv, nil); errno < 0 {
-			log.Printf("handle_events: error: %s", Error(errno))
+			// handler can be interrupted by a signal and this doesn't indicate an error, we'll retry on the next loop iteration
+			if Error(errno) != ErrorInterrupted {
+				log.Printf("handle_events: error: %s", Error(errno))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -209,11 +225,25 @@ func (libusbImpl) getDevices(ctx *libusbContext) ([]*libusbDevice, error) {
 	for _, d := range devs {
 		ret = append(ret, (*libusbDevice)(d))
 	}
-	// devices will be dereferenced later, during close.
+	// devices must be dereferenced by the caller to prevent memory leaks.
 	C.libusb_free_device_list(list, 0)
 	return ret, nil
 }
 
+func (libusbImpl) wrapSysDevice(ctx *libusbContext, fd uintptr) (*libusbDevHandle, error) {
+	var handle *C.libusb_device_handle
+	if ret := C.libusb_wrap_sys_device((*C.libusb_context)(ctx), C.intptr_t(fd), &handle); ret < 0 {
+		return nil, fromErrNo(C.int(ret))
+	}
+
+	return (*libusbDevHandle)(handle), nil
+}
+
+func (libusbImpl) getDevice(d *libusbDevHandle) *libusbDevice {
+	device := C.libusb_get_device((*C.libusb_device_handle)(d))
+	return (*libusbDevice)(device)
+}
+
 func (libusbImpl) exit(c *libusbContext) error {
 	C.libusb_exit((*C.libusb_context)(c))
 	return nil
@@ -224,14 +254,26 @@ func (libusbImpl) setDebug(c *libusbContext, lvl int) {
 }
 
 func (libusbImpl) getDeviceDesc(d *libusbDevice) (*DeviceDesc, error) {
-	var desc C.struct_libusb_device_descriptor
+	var (
+		desc     C.struct_libusb_device_descriptor
+		pathData [8]uint8
+		path     []int
+		port     int
+	)
 	if err := fromErrNo(C.libusb_get_device_descriptor((*C.libusb_device)(d), &desc)); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	pathLen := int(C.libusb_get_port_numbers((*C.libusb_device)(d), (*C.uint8_t)(&pathData[0]), 8))
+	for _, nPort := range pathData[:pathLen] {
+		port = int(nPort)
+		path = append(path, port)
+	}
+	// Defaults to port = 0, path = [] for root device
 	dev := &DeviceDesc{
 		Bus:                  int(C.libusb_get_bus_number((*C.libusb_device)(d))),
 		Address:              int(C.libusb_get_device_address((*C.libusb_device)(d))),
-		Port:                 int(C.libusb_get_port_number((*C.libusb_device)(d))),
+		Port:                 port,
+		Path:                 path,
 		Speed:                Speed(C.libusb_get_device_speed((*C.libusb_device)(d))),
 		Spec:                 BCD(desc.bcdUSB),
 		Device:               BCD(desc.bcdDevice),
@@ -508,6 +550,7 @@ func libusbSetDebug(c *libusbContext, lvl int) {
 	C.gousb_set_debug((*C.libusb_context)(c), C.int(lvl))
 }
 
+// for obtaining unique CGo pointers.
 func newDevicePointer() *libusbDevice {
 	return (*libusbDevice)(unsafe.Pointer(C.malloc(1)))
 }
@@ -515,3 +558,11 @@ func newDevicePointer() *libusbDevice {
 func newFakeTransferPointer() *libusbTransfer {
 	return (*libusbTransfer)(unsafe.Pointer(C.malloc(1)))
 }
+
+func newContextPointer() *libusbContext {
+	return (*libusbContext)(unsafe.Pointer(C.malloc(1)))
+}
+
+func newDevHandlePointer() *libusbDevHandle {
+	return (*libusbDevHandle)(unsafe.Pointer(C.malloc(1)))
+}

transfer_stream.go

@@ -269,14 +269,15 @@ func (w *WriteStream) Close() error {
 	return w.CloseContext(context.Background())
 }
 
-// Close signals end of data to write. Close blocks until all transfers
+// CloseContext signals end of data to write. CloseContext blocks until all
-// that were sent are finished. The error returned by Close is the first
+// transfers that were sent are finished or until the context is canceled. The
-// error encountered during writing the entire stream (if any).
+// error returned by CloseContext is the first error encountered during writing
-// Close returning nil indicates all transfers completed successfully.
+// the entire stream (if any).
-// After Close, the total number of bytes successfully written can be
+// CloseContext returning nil indicates all transfers completed successfully.
+// After CloseContext, the total number of bytes successfully written can be
 // retrieved using Written().
-// Close may not be called concurrently with Write, Close or Written.
+// CloseContext may not be called concurrently with Write, WriteContext, Close,
-// CloseContext
+// CloseContext or Written.
 func (w *WriteStream) CloseContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if w.s.transfers == nil {
 		return io.ErrClosedPipe

usb.go

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 /*
 Package gousb provides an low-level interface to attached USB devices.
 
-A Short Tutorial
+# A Short Tutorial
 
 A Context manages all resources necessary for communicating with USB
 devices.
@@ -117,19 +117,27 @@ standard for control commands though, and many devices implement their custom co
 
 Control commands can be issued through Device.Control().
 
-See Also
+# See Also
 
 For more information about USB protocol and handling USB devices,
 see the excellent "USB in a nutshell" guide: http://www.beyondlogic.org/usbnutshell/
-
 */
 package gousb
 
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+)
+
 // Context manages all resources related to USB device handling.
 type Context struct {
 	ctx    *libusbContext
 	done   chan struct{}
 	libusb libusbIntf
+
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	devices map[*Device]bool
 }
 
 // Debug changes the debug level. Level 0 means no debug, higher levels
@@ -146,17 +154,45 @@ func newContextWithImpl(impl libusbIntf) *Context {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	ctx := &Context{
-		ctx:    c,
+		ctx:     c,
-		done:   make(chan struct{}),
+		done:    make(chan struct{}),
-		libusb: impl,
+		libusb:  impl,
+		devices: make(map[*Device]bool),
 	}
 	go impl.handleEvents(ctx.ctx, ctx.done)
 	return ctx
 }
 
-// NewContext returns a new Context instance.
+// NewContext returns a new Context instance with default ContextOptions.
 func NewContext() *Context {
-	return newContextWithImpl(libusbImpl{})
+	return ContextOptions{}.New()
+}
+
+// DeviceDiscovery controls USB device discovery.
+type DeviceDiscovery int
+
+const (
+	// EnableDeviceDiscovery means the connected USB devices will be enumerated
+	// on Context initialization. This enables the use of OpenDevices and
+	// OpenWithVIDPID. This is the default.
+	EnableDeviceDiscovery = iota
+	// DisableDeviceDiscovery means the USB devices are not enumerated and
+	// OpenDevices will not return any devices.
+	// Without device discovery, OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor can be used
+	// to open devices.
+	DisableDeviceDiscovery
+)
+
+// ContextOptions holds parameters for Context initialization.
+type ContextOptions struct {
+	DeviceDiscovery DeviceDiscovery
+}
+
+// New creates a Context, taking into account the optional flags contained in ContextOptions
+func (o ContextOptions) New() *Context {
+	return newContextWithImpl(libusbImpl{
+		discovery: o.DeviceDiscovery,
+	})
 }
 
 // OpenDevices calls opener with each enumerated device.
@@ -165,6 +201,9 @@ func NewContext() *Context {
 // If there are any errors enumerating the devices,
 // the final one is returned along with any successfully opened devices.
 func (c *Context) OpenDevices(opener func(desc *DeviceDesc) bool) ([]*Device, error) {
+	if c.ctx == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("OpenDevices called on a closed or uninitialized Context")
+	}
 	list, err := c.libusb.getDevices(c.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -174,27 +213,65 @@ func (c *Context) OpenDevices(opener func(desc *DeviceDesc) bool) ([]*Device, er
 	var ret []*Device
 	for _, dev := range list {
 		desc, err := c.libusb.getDeviceDesc(dev)
+		defer c.libusb.dereference(dev)
 		if err != nil {
-			c.libusb.dereference(dev)
 			reterr = err
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if opener(desc) {
+		if !opener(desc) {
-			handle, err := c.libusb.open(dev)
+			continue
-			if err != nil {
-				c.libusb.dereference(dev)
-				reterr = err
-				continue
-			}
-			ret = append(ret, &Device{handle: handle, ctx: c, Desc: desc})
-		} else {
-			c.libusb.dereference(dev)
 		}
+		handle, err := c.libusb.open(dev)
+		if err != nil {
+			reterr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		o := &Device{handle: handle, ctx: c, Desc: desc}
+		ret = append(ret, o)
+		c.mu.Lock()
+		c.devices[o] = true
+		c.mu.Unlock()
+
 	}
 	return ret, reterr
 }
 
+// OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor takes a (Unix) file descriptor of an opened USB
+// device and wraps the library around it.
+// This is particularly useful when working on Android, where the USB device can be
+// opened by the SDK (Java), giving access to the device through the file descriptor
+// (https://developer.android.com/reference/android/hardware/usb/UsbDeviceConnection#getFileDescriptor()).
+//
+// Do note that for this to work the automatic device discovery must be disabled
+// at the time when the new Context is created, through the use of
+// ContextOptions.DeviceDiscovery.
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//	ctx := ContextOptions{DeviceDiscovery: DisableDeviceDiscovery}.New()
+//	device, err := ctx.OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(fd)
+//
+// An error is returned in case the file descriptor is not valid.
+func (c *Context) OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(fd uintptr) (*Device, error) {
+	handle, err := c.libusb.wrapSysDevice(c.ctx, fd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	dev := c.libusb.getDevice(handle)
+	desc, err := c.libusb.getDeviceDesc(dev)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("device was opened, but getting device descriptor failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	o := &Device{handle: handle, ctx: c, Desc: desc}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	c.devices[o] = true
+	c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return o, nil
+}
+
 // OpenDeviceWithVIDPID opens Device from specific VendorId and ProductId.
 // If none is found, it returns nil and nil error. If there are multiple devices
 // with the same VID/PID, it will return one of them, picked arbitrarily.
@@ -219,13 +296,32 @@ func (c *Context) OpenDeviceWithVIDPID(vid, pid ID) (*Device, error) {
 	return devs[0], nil
 }
 
+func (c *Context) closeDev(d *Device) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.libusb.close(d.handle)
+	delete(c.devices, d)
+}
+
+func (c *Context) checkOpenDevs() error {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	if l := len(c.devices); l > 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Context.Close called while %d Devices are still open, Close may be called only after all previously opened devices were successfuly closed", l)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Close releases the Context and all associated resources.
 func (c *Context) Close() error {
-	var ret error
+	if c.ctx == nil {
-	c.done <- struct{}{}
+		return nil
-	if c.ctx != nil {
-		ret = c.libusb.exit(c.ctx)
 	}
+	if err := c.checkOpenDevs(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.done <- struct{}{}
+	err := c.libusb.exit(c.ctx)
 	c.ctx = nil
-	return ret
+	return err
 }

usb_test.go

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ func TestOPenDevices(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("OpenDevices(): %s", err)
 	}
 
+	// attempt to Close() should fail because of open devices
+	if err := c.Close(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Context.Close succeeded while some devices were still open")
+	}
+
 	if got, want := len(devs), len(fakeDevices); got != want {
 		t.Fatalf("len(devs) = %d, want %d (based on num fake devs)", got, want)
 	}
@@ -89,3 +94,44 @@ func TestOpenDeviceWithVIDPID(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestOpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := newContextWithImpl(newFakeLibusb())
+	defer ctx.Close()
+
+	// file descriptor is an index to the FakeDevices array
+	for _, d := range []struct {
+		vid, pid  ID
+		sysDevPtr uintptr
+	}{
+		{0x9999, 0x0001, 78},
+		{0x8888, 0x0002, 94},
+	} {
+		dev, err := ctx.OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(d.sysDevPtr)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(%d): err != nil for a valid device: %v", d.sysDevPtr, err)
+		}
+		if dev == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(%d): device == nil for a valid device", d.sysDevPtr)
+		}
+		if dev != nil && (dev.Desc.Vendor != ID(d.vid) || dev.Desc.Product != ID(d.pid)) {
+			t.Errorf("OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(%d): device's VID/PID %s/%s don't match expected: %s/%s", d.sysDevPtr, dev.Desc.Vendor, dev.Desc.Product, ID(d.vid), ID(d.pid))
+		}
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestOpenDeviceWithFileDescriptorOnMissingDevice(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := newContextWithImpl(newFakeLibusb())
+	defer ctx.Close()
+
+	for _, sysDevPtr := range []uintptr{
+		7, // set, but does not exist in the fakeDevices array
+		0, // unset
+	} {
+		if _, err := ctx.OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(sysDevPtr); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("OpenDeviceWithFileDescriptor(%d): got nil error for invalid device", sysDevPtr)
+		}
+	}
+
+}

usbid/describe.go

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
 // a reader.
 //
 // The bread and butter of this package are the following two functions:
-//   Describe - Pretty-print the vendor and product of a device descriptor
+//
-//   Classify - Pretty-print the class/protocol info for a device/interface
+//	Describe - Pretty-print the vendor and product of a device descriptor
+//	Classify - Pretty-print the class/protocol info for a device/interface
 package usbid
 
 import (

usbid/load_data.go

@@ -20,7 +20,8 @@ import "time"
 // LastUpdate stores the latest time that the library was updated.
 //
 // The baked-in data was last generated:
-//   2017-03-10 09:09:14.940548227 -0500 EST
+//
+//	2017-03-10 09:09:14.940548227 -0500 EST
 var LastUpdate = time.Unix(0, 1489154954940548227)
 
 const usbIDListData = `#